职业学校学啥(中等职业学校学什么)

文丨Center Employment Trraining / UNIGO

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审 | 莉雅Liya 文婷Daisy

审 | 小鹿鹿IRIS

编丨文乐Vincent

对于一些学生来说，上大学并不是他们想要的结果。一些学生希望通过学习获得让他们从事特定工作的关键技能。在这种情况下，职业学校可能是一个新的考虑方向。“Trade School：职业学校”

For some students, going to college is not the desired outcome. Some students want to have key skills that allow them to do a specific job. In this case, trade schools may be a consideration. Beyond a doubt trade schools offer a variety of benefits to students, but understanding how they could meet your need is your first step.

什么是职业学校？

What is a Trade School?

有时（Trade School）被称为技术学校，属于高等教育机构（Post-secondary Education：是一个教育层级的概念，广义上指一切建立在中等教育基础上的专业教育）。它有一个特定的目标，培养学生学习某类行业或是某项特定工作的必要技能，通常称为职业技能。提前让学生掌握到工作中实际所需要拥有的技能。

很多时候，职业学校只教授学生在职业生涯或未来工作中所需要的技能。这意味着他们通常不会提供学术、应用型大学里综合领域的教育。例如，学校可能不提供与护理或技术相关的高等数学或历史课程，除非这些课程特别需要这些拓展性的信息。

Sometimes called a technical school, it is a type of post-secondary education institution. It has the specific goal of teaching a student the necessary skills to do a specific type of job, often called a skilled career. Many times, a trade school provides hand-on skill education that may enable a student to prepare for the actual work they are likely to do when they enter their field of choice.

Many times, a trade school teaches just the necessary skills needed for the skilled trade the student hopes to work in for their career or future job. This means they do not typically offer education in fields that do not directly offer this benefit. For example, they may not offer any education in advanced math topics or history for a job that relates to nursing or technology unless those courses specifically need the information presented within those areas.

职业学校是如何运作的?

How Do Trade Schools Work?

职业学校与传统的四年制学院或大学不同，因为它提供非常职业特定的技能教育。通常，学生获得高中文凭或同等学历后，再申请职业学校。许多大学的入学要求比一般的四年制大学要低。学生需要就读一段时间（通常是几个月到几年），修完一系列必修课程，完成必要的考试并获得就业许可。

A trade school differs from a traditional 4-year college or university because it provides very career-specific skill education. Often, a student earns their high school diploma or equivalent and then applies for a trade school. Many offer lower admission requirements than found in a typical 4-year college setting. Students enroll for a period of time, often a few months to a few years, work through the set of required classes, and finish any necessary exams and licensing to enter the workforce.

教育课程的长度取决于学生学习的内容，有的项目可能短至8个月，长至2年。在职业学校的教育过程中，学生完成各种课程，通常包括实践、学习必要的适用于他们未来职业生涯的技能。

The length of the educational track depends on what the student is learning, but programs may be as short as 8 months to as long as 2 years. During their education, students finish various courses, which typically include hands-on learning of the skills necessary that are likely applicable within their future career.

在职业学校能学到什么？

What Could You Learn at Trade School?

在这里，学生们可以学到他们渴望的领域内工作所需的初级和高级技能。职业院校为学生提供了很多机会，让他们能获得技术、设备、工具和工作上的技能和操作经验，这样他们就能在毕业后将这些技能直接应用到工作环境中。而学生根据所选择的职业就业，这些他们学到的技能应用范围会很广。

Students here could learn the entry-level and beyond skills needed to do the work within the field they desire. Many programs include opportunities for students to gain experience working with the technology, equipment, tools, and other components of the job so they are able to apply those skills directly to the work environment once they graduate. These skills range widely based on the career path selected.

职业学校的学习方法和传统大学的学习方法一样多种多样。有些课程是向学生展示重要信息的讲座。其他时候，学生在实验室中学习，在相同或类似的设备上工作，能很大程度上还原职业工作中的现场使用情况。即使是在提供在线学习途径的职业学校，学习方法也会根据学生毕业时需要从事的工作而有所不同。

学生在考虑每所学校时希望尽可能多地了解课程和学习项目本身。教授的是什么?材料是如何呈现的?学校是否符合当地行业趋势和需求?

The learning methods in trade school are just as varied as they could be in a traditional college setting. Some courses and classes are lectures where vital information is presented to the student. Other times, students learn in a lab environment, working on the same or similar equipment that may be used later in the field. Even in trade schools that offer online learning paths, the methods of learning vary based on what the student needs to graduate with in order to do the work.

Students considering this school may wish to understand as much as possible about the courses and program itself. What is taught? How is the material presented? Is the school aligned with the local industry trends and needs?

职业学校类型

Types of Trade Schools

职业学校有多种类型的存在，每一所都有不同的学生聚焦、关注。每一门课程都教授不同领域所需的技能。对学生来说，在他们感兴趣的领域和工作中学习可能会更棒。当然，也有其他的学生可能想探索一些不同的职业学校以满足他们的需求。

A number of trade schools exist, each one with a different focus for the student. Each one teaches the skills necessary for a different field. It may be great for students to focus on areas that interest them and work they enjoy doing. Other students may want to explore a few different trade schools to meet their needs.

以下是一些职业学校技能的示例：

Here are some examples of the different types of trades out there. The availability and scope of each program may differ from one program to the next:

l 汽车技术人员

l 摩托车力学

l 数控加工

l 碰撞修复

l 业务

l 刑事司法

l 口腔卫生

l 暖通空调

l 医疗管理

l 摄影

l 美容

l 烹饪

l 按摩疗法

l 软件工程

l 摄像

l 医疗协助

l 信息技术

l 海洋技术

l Automotive technicians

l Motorcycle mechanics

l CNC machining

l Collision repair

l Business

l Criminal justice

l Dental hygiene

l HVAC

l Healthcare administration

l Photography

l Cosmetology

l Culinary

l Massage therapy

l Software engineering

l Videography

l Medical assisting

l Information technology

l Marine technology

职业学校和大学有什么不同?

How does trade school differ from college?

职业学校与大学在很多方面都不同，包括它们教授的内容、课程的长度、成本和其他因素。 对于那些考虑上职业学校的人来说，多考虑这些学校的时间投入、教育项目的灵活性以及提供的实践教育，会更有所帮助，因为这与传统的集训教育有很大的不同。

Trade schools differ from colleges in numerous ways including what they teach, the length of programs, the cost, and other factors. For those considering attending a trade school, it may be helpful to consider the time commitment, the flexibility of educational programs, and the hands-on education provided in these schools as this differs significantly from traditional collect education.

职业学校和大学之间的一些区别:

Consider a few of the differences between a trade school and a college:

课程长度：大部分大学的课程学习时间是2到4年，且有毕业要求和干等教育要求。 而职业学校的课程学习时间需要8个月到2年完成，这让学生有更快的一种途径来完成他们所期望的教育。 有些学习项目甚至更短。

教育内容:学院和大学的教学在一个整体的水平上，不仅教授某一类专业所需的理论、相关主题，而且还教授围绕这个专业或是工作补充的、也可能不相关的，但全面且综合性的内容。 而职业学校与之相反，学校教授非常具体的知识技能，这些知识直接关系到学生在读研和从事该领域的职业时可能会遇到的问题。

学习方式:虽然一些学院和大学采用的是实际操作的教育模式，但职业学校通常会根据所需课程的类型更注重这一点，实践性的课程更多。

成本:职业学校的成本可能低于需要获得学士学位等大学教育的总成本。 数据显示，职业学校课程的平均成本为3.3万美元，而学士学位课程的平均成本为13.2万美元。

Program Length: Many college programs are 2 to 4 years in length with some requiring graduate or higher education. Trade school programs typically take 8 months to 2 years to finish instead, making them a faster way to achieve desired education. Some programs are even shorter.

Educational.Content:Colleges and universities teach at a holistic level, meaning they teach not just the subject matter needed to do a job, but also supplemental and even unrelated but well-rounded content. A trade school does not. It teaches very specific content that relates directly to what the student may due when they graduate school and pursue a career in the field.

Learning Style: Though some colleges and universities apply a hands-on educational model, trade schools typically do so more heavily, depending on the type of coursework needed.

Costs: The cost of trade school may be lower than the total cost of college education such as earning a bachelor’s. Data indicates that, the average cost of a trade school program is $33,000, while the average cost of a bachelor’s is $132,000.

"为方便区分，以下用英文表述两种职业学校"

How does trade school differ from Vocational School?

Merriam-Webster 将Trade School定义为：“一所教授技术行业的中学。” 一般来说，这些学校倾向于注重实际的职业，这些职业需要基本水平的认证或在监督下工作的具体时间等要求。它们可以被认为是更多以劳动力为中心的行业，比如：汽车机械师、电工、木匠和医疗助理。

Trade School通常有有更多的“动手”学习计划。另一方面，技术学校可能有更多的课堂讲座和模拟工作培训。但是，一些Trade School也教授一些技术学校风格的课程，因此差异并不是很明显。

Trade School Definition

Merriam-Webster defines a trade school as: “a secondary school teaching the skilled trades.” Generally speaking, these schools tend to focus on hands-on careers that require a base level certification or a specific number of on-the-job supervised hours to enter. They can be thought of as more labor-focused industries: auto mechanics, electricians carpenters, and medical assistants.

Trade schools tend to have much more “hands-on” programs of study. A technical school, on the other hand, may have more classroom lectures and simulated job training. However, some trade schools teach tech school-style courses and have many of the same programs, so the difference is not always obvious.

“Vocational School”可以被认为是“Trade School“或“Tech School”的总称。许多机构将学校课程项目的结果作为专业行业认证或“职业学位”。Vocational School的课程为学生在一两年内立即进入他们的领域或进入一个垫脚石的位置进入那个领域做准备。

一些四年制本科院校提供职业学位课程，如成为律师助理的能力，但某些课程，如美容类的职业课程可能只在Vocational School课程中教授。

美国教育部为公立高中的学生提供了强有力的职业培训项目，这些学生可能希望在毕业后迅速进入职业生涯，而不是进入四年制的高等教育机构。这个项目曾经资助了美国各地的一系列公立Vocational School，但随着私人对这些学校的所有权激增，公众对高等职业技术学校的支持已经减弱。

我们的专业职业（Trade）培训课程证书为学生就业做准备，使我们处于职业机构（vocational institution）或“职业技术”（ “vo-tech”）学校的保护伞下。

Vocational School

A “vocational school” can be thought of as an umbrella term for either trade or tech schools. Many institutions refer to the result of programs from either as a specialized trade certification or “vocational degree”. Vocational school programs prepare students for immediate entry into their field or into a stepping-stone position to enter that field within just a year or two.

Some four-year undergraduate institutions offer vocational degree programs, such as the ability to become a paralegal, but certain programs like cosmetology may only be taught in vocational school programs.

The U.S. Department of Education offers robust vocational training programs to public high school students who might be looking to rapidly enter a career after graduation — rather than entering a four-year postsecondary academic institution. The program once supported a range of publicly funded vocational schools throughout the U.S., but public support of postsecondary vo-tech schools has slacked while private ownership of these schools has soared.

Our certificate for specialized trade training programs prepare students for the workforce, putting us under the umbrella of a vocational institution or “vo-tech” school.

上职业学校我能挣到多少钱？

How much could I make from going to trade school?

一个人的收入可能会因研究领域和该领域的劳动力需求而不同。职业学校的职业道路非常多样，从医疗保健到技术，再到暖通空调工作。再加上一些其他因素，比如地理位置、城市对某个职业的需求程度等，每个人掌握这些技能的程度，对这些技能的总体需求有助于他们离开该领域后可能获得的收入。

The among a person could earn differs based on the field of study and the workforce demand in that area. Trade school career paths are quite varied from healthcare to technology to HVAC work. This, along with factors such as where a person lives, how well they apply those skills, and the overall demand for those skills contribute to what they may earn once they leave the field.

看看那些从贸易学校获得证书或课程的人可以获得的一些职位以及他们可以获得多少收入：

Take a look at some positions that may be available to those who earn a certificate or program from a trade school and how much they may earn:

职业学校有哪些优势？

What are the benefits of a trade school?

受益点取决于学生的兴趣和目标，但很多时候，更大的优势在于这些课程的成本更低，而且能提供更多的实践教育和技能培养，并在毕业后提供就业机会。而相比本科大学更简单的入学要求和更细化的教育是很多学生能受益的点。

The benefits depends on the student’s interests and goals, but many times, these programs cost less, provide more hands-on education and skill building, and offer access to jobs after graduating. Some students may also benefit from easier admissions requirements and more specific education.

上职业学校的一些好处:

Take a look at some of the benefits of going to a trade school:

成本:如上所述，在某些领域，教育成本会更低。尽管根据学生的具体目标比较本科和职业学校的成本可能很重要，但通常情况下，贸易学校的教育更实惠，更容易让学生负担。

提供经济援助的可能性大:许多职业学校通过提供经济援助来帮助支持学生的需求。符合条件的人可以获得经济援助。援助的数量和类型取决于学校、项目和可用的资金。

完成学习的时间更快:对于那些不想在大学环境中花费大量时间、想要尽早开始工作的学生来说，职业学校可能是更好的解决方案。职业学校的证书课程可以在8个月内获得，有时甚至更少，这与许多大学获得学士学位所需的4年时间很不一样。

更容易被录取:大学通常有很多要求，包括GPA要求，入学考试成绩，导师推荐信等因素。但许多职业学校没有这些要求，而是有更灵活和更容易满足的要求。

动手学习能力培养:学生使用这所学校经常教授的动手方法来更有效地学习。 职业学校通常会校企结合，让学生到当地企业实习或是锻炼，在工作的环境中获得经验。

Costs: As noted, education here may cost less in some fields. Though it may be important to compare bachelor’s and trade school costs based on the specific goals of the student, typically, trade school education is more affordable, making it more within reach to students.

Financial aid may be available: Many trade schools work to help support the needs of students by offering financial aid. Financial aid may be available to those who qualify. The amount and type of aid depends on the school, program, and available funding.

It’s faster: For students that do not want to spend a lot of time in a college setting and want to get to work sooner, a trade school may prove to be a better solution. Certificate programs from trade schools could be earned within 8 months, and sometimes less, much unlike the 4 years necessary for many colleges to earn a bachelor’s.

Easier admissions: Colleges often have numerous requirements including factors such as GPA requirements, entrance exam scores, referrals, and recommendations. Many trade schools do not require this but instead have more flexible and easier-to-meet requirements.

Hands-on learning: Some students learn more efficiently and effectively using the hands-on methods often used in this school. This may also include time spent in the work environment through local businesses gaining experience.

有时，职业学校的好处是教授特定职业所需的教育。 例如，如果学生喜欢发型设计，职业学校会提供许多或全部所需相关职业的教育。

Sometimes the benefit of trade school is earning the education needed for the specific career desired. For example, if you love to style hair, a trade school provides many or all of the education needed.